在.net中,可以添加Web 引用来添加WebService,但是这种方法的缺陷是当WebService内的方法一变动,引用的系统这边就必须更新引用,重新编译,再发布,是不是很麻烦?也未可预知?
那么就使用动态调用WebService吧!
第1种,具体步骤:
1. 从目标 URL 下载 WSDL 数据。
2. 使用 ServiceDescription 创建和格式化 WSDL 文档文件。
3. 使用 ServiceDescriptionImporter 创建客户端代理类。
4. 使用 CodeDom 动态创建客户端代理类程序集。
5. 利用反射调用相关 WebService 方法。
代码如下:
[csharp] view plaincopy
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/// <summary>
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/// 在.Net环境 下,最常用的方法就是采用代理类来调用WebService,可以通过改变代理类的Url属性来实现动态调用,
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/// 但当xmlns改变时就会出错,似乎要重新 绑定Webservice并重新编译后才能再次运行。
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/// 此法子是一种动态编译并动态调用WebService的方式,这种方法效率低,而且需要有较高 的权限,否则编译失败。
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/// 此法子的缺陷。。。。。都是泪啊。。。多线程下运行第二次就报错:无法从命名空间“****”导入绑定“SyncToContractDataCenterSoap”
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/// </summary>
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public class WebServiceHelper2
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{
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#region InvokeWebService
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//动态调用web服务
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public object InvokeWebService(string url, string methodname, object[] args)
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{
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return InvokeWebService(url, null, methodname, args);
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}
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public object InvokeWebService(string url, string classname, string methodname, object[] args)
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{
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string @namespace = "TransactionDataSync.Common";
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if ((classname == null) || (classname == ""))
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{
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classname = GetWsClassName(url);
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}
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try
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{
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//获取WSDL
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WebClient wc = new WebClient();
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Stream stream = wc.OpenRead(url + "?wsdl");
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ServiceDescription sd = ServiceDescription.Read(stream);
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ServiceDescriptionImporter sdi = new ServiceDescriptionImporter();
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sdi.AddServiceDescription(sd, "", "");
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CodeNamespace cn = new CodeNamespace(@namespace);
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//生成客户端代理类代码
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CodeCompileUnit ccu = new CodeCompileUnit();
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ccu.Namespaces.Add(cn);
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sdi.Import(cn, ccu);
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// CSharpCodeProvider csc = new CSharpCodeProvider();
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// ICodeCompiler icc = csc.CreateCompiler();
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CodeDomProvider provider = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider("CSharp");
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//设定编译参数
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CompilerParameters cplist = new CompilerParameters();
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cplist.GenerateExecutable = false;
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cplist.GenerateInMemory = true;
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cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll");
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cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.XML.dll");
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cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Web.Services.dll");
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cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Data.dll");
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//编译代理类
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CompilerResults cr = provider.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
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// CompilerResults cr = icc.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
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if (true == cr.Errors.HasErrors)
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{
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System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
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foreach (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError ce in cr.Errors)
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{
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sb.Append(ce.ToString());
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sb.Append(System.Environment.NewLine);
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}
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throw new Exception(sb.ToString());
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}
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//生成代理实例,并调用方法
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System.Reflection.Assembly assembly = cr.CompiledAssembly;
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Type t = assembly.GetType(@namespace + "." + classname, true, true);
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object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(t);
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System.Reflection.MethodInfo mi = t.GetMethod(methodname);
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return mi.Invoke(obj, args);
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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Logger.Error(string.Format("{0} {1} {2} {3}", url, methodname, ex.Message, ex.StackTrace));
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throw new Exception(ex.InnerException.Message, new Exception(ex.InnerException.StackTrace));
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}
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}
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public object CreateWebServiceInstance(string url, string packageName, out Type t)
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{
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return CreateWebServiceInstance(url, null,packageName, out t);
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}
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public object CreateWebServiceInstance(string url, string classname,string packageName,out Type t)
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{
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string @namespace = "TransactionDataSync.Common."+packageName;
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if ((classname == null) || (classname == ""))
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{
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classname = GetWsClassName(url);
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}
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Stream stream = null;
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try
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{
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//获取WSDL
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WebClient wc = new WebClient();
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stream = wc.OpenRead(url + "?WSDL");
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ServiceDescription sd = ServiceDescription.Read(stream);
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ServiceDescriptionImporter sdi = new ServiceDescriptionImporter();
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sdi.AddServiceDescription(sd, "", "");
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CodeNamespace cn = new CodeNamespace(@namespace);
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//生成客户端代理类代码
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CodeCompileUnit ccu = new CodeCompileUnit();
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ccu.Namespaces.Add(cn);
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sdi.Import(cn, ccu);
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// CSharpCodeProvider csc = new CSharpCodeProvider();
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// ICodeCompiler icc = csc.CreateCompiler();
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CodeDomProvider provider = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider("CSharp");
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//设定编译参数
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CompilerParameters cplist = new CompilerParameters();
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cplist.GenerateExecutable = false;
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cplist.GenerateInMemory = true;
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cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll");
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cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.XML.dll");
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cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Web.Services.dll");
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cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Data.dll");
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//编译代理类
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CompilerResults cr = provider.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
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// CompilerResults cr = icc.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu);
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if (true == cr.Errors.HasErrors)
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{
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System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
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foreach (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError ce in cr.Errors)
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{
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sb.Append(ce.ToString());
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sb.Append(System.Environment.NewLine);
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}
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throw new Exception(sb.ToString());
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}
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//生成代理实例
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System.Reflection.Assembly assembly = cr.CompiledAssembly;
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t = assembly.GetType(@namespace + "." + classname, true, true);
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object obj = Activator.CreateInstance(t);
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return obj;
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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Logger.Error(string.Format("{0} {1} {2}", url, ex.Message, ex.StackTrace));
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if(stream!=null)
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{
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stream.Close();
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stream.Dispose();
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}
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throw ex;
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}
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}
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public object InvokeMethod(object obj, Type t, string methodname, object[] args)
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{
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try
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{
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System.Reflection.MethodInfo mi = t.GetMethod(methodname);
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return mi.Invoke(obj, args);
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}
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catch(Exception ex)
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{
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Logger.Error(string.Format("{0} {1} {2}", methodname, ex.Message, ex.StackTrace));
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throw ex;
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}
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}
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private string GetWsClassName(string wsUrl)
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{
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string[] parts = wsUrl.Split('/');
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string[] pps = parts[parts.Length – 1].Split('.');
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return pps[0];
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}
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#endregion
调用时的代码:
[csharp] view plaincopy
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object instance = WebServiceHelper2.CreateWebServiceInstance(addr.Url,name, out t);
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ataSet dsContract = WebServiceHelper2.InvokeMethod(instance, t, "GetContractData", new object[]{authorizationCode}) as DataSet;
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缺陷:
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每次调用WebService,都需要动态创建客户端代理类程序集,然后利用反射去调用方法,每次都这样啊,是不是很耗性能?特别是后台服务中调WebService,1小时运行一次,是不是很无语。。。。
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正常情况下,调一个WebService是不成问题的,可是在多线程下,每个线程调一个WebService(都是不同URL的WebService),只有在编译后调第一遍是正常的,再调就报错啊,无法从命名空间“****”导入绑定“SyncToContractDataCenterSoap”,或者是调用目标异常,坑爹啊
第2种动态调用的法子:利用WebRequest/WebResponse进行WebService调用的类
动态调用的类如下:
[csharp] view plaincopy
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using System;
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using System.Collections;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Data;
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using System.IO;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Net;
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using System.Text;
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using System.Xml;
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using System.Xml.Serialization;
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namespace TransactionDataSync.Common
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// 利用WebRequest/WebResponse进行WebService调用的类
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/// </summary>
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/// <remarks>
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/// 作成者:cyf
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/// </remarks>
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public class WebServiceCaller
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{
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//缓存xmlNamespace,避免重复调用GetNamespace
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private static Hashtable XML_NAMESPACE = new Hashtable();
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/// <summary>
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/// 通过SOAP协议动态调用webservice
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="url"> webservice地址</param>
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/// <param name="methodName"> 调用方法名</param>
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/// <param name="pars"> 参数表</param>
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/// <returns> 结果集xml</returns>
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public static XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String url, String methodName, Hashtable pars)
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{
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if (XML_NAMESPACE.ContainsKey(url))
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{ // 名字空间在缓存中存在时,读取缓存,然后执行调用
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return QuerySoapWebService(url, methodName, pars, XML_NAMESPACE[url].ToString());
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}
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else
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{
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// 名字空间不存在时直接从wsdl的请求中读取名字空间,然后执行调用
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return QuerySoapWebService(url, methodName, pars, GetNamespace(url));
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 通过SOAP协议动态调用webservice
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="url"> webservice地址</param>
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/// <param name="methodName"> 调用方法名</param>
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/// <param name="pars"> 参数表</param>
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/// <param name="xmlNs"> 名字空间</param>
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/// <returns> 结果集</returns>
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private static XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String url, String methodName, Hashtable pars, string xmlNs)
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{
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XML_NAMESPACE[url] = xmlNs;//加入缓存,提高效率
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// 获取请求对象
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HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
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// 设置请求head
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request.Method = "POST";
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request.ContentType = "text/xml; charset=utf-8";
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request.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", """ + xmlNs + (xmlNs.EndsWith("/") ? "" : "/") + methodName + """);
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// 设置请求身份
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SetWebRequest(request);
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// 获取soap协议
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byte[] data = EncodeParsToSoap(pars, xmlNs, methodName);
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// 将soap协议写入请求
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WriteRequestData(request, data);
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XmlDocument returnDoc = new XmlDocument();
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XmlDocument returnValueDoc = new XmlDocument();
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// 读取服务端响应
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returnDoc = ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse());
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XmlNamespaceManager mgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(returnDoc.NameTable);
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mgr.AddNamespace("soap", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
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// 返回结果
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string RetXml= returnDoc.SelectSingleNode("//soap:Body/*/*", mgr).InnerXml;
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returnValueDoc.LoadXml("<root>" + RetXml + "</root>");
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AddDelaration(returnValueDoc);
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/* System.Data.DataSet ds = new System.Data.DataSet();
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XmlNodeReader reader = new XmlNodeReader(returnValueDoc);
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ds.ReadXml(reader);*/
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// return returnValueDoc.OuterXml;
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return returnValueDoc;
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 获取wsdl中的名字空间
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="url"> wsdl地址</param>
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/// <returns> 名字空间</returns>
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private static string GetNamespace(String url)
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{
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// 创建wsdl请求对象,并从中读取名字空间
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HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url + "?WSDL");
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SetWebRequest(request);
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WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
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StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
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XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
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doc.LoadXml(sr.ReadToEnd());
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sr.Close();
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return doc.SelectSingleNode("//@targetNamespace").Value;
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 加入soapheader节点
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="doc"> soap文档</param>
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private static void InitSoapHeader(XmlDocument doc)
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{
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// 添加soapheader节点
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XmlElement soapHeader = doc.CreateElement("soap", "Header", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
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//XmlElement soapId = doc.CreateElement("userid");
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//soapId.InnerText = ID;
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//XmlElement soapPwd = doc.CreateElement("userpwd");
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//soapPwd.InnerText = PWD;
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//soapHeader.AppendChild(soapId);
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//soapHeader.AppendChild(soapPwd);
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doc.ChildNodes[0].AppendChild(soapHeader);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 将以字节数组的形式返回soap协议
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="pars"> 参数表</param>
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/// <param name="xmlNs"> 名字空间</param>
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/// <param name="methodName"> 方法名</param>
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/// <returns> 字节数组</returns>
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private static byte[] EncodeParsToSoap(Hashtable pars, String xmlNs, String methodName)
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{
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XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
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// 构建soap文档
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doc.LoadXml("<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"></soap:Envelope>");
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// 加入soapbody节点
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InitSoapHeader(doc);
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// 创建soapbody节点
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XmlElement soapBody = doc.CreateElement("soap", "Body", "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/");
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// 根据要调用的方法创建一个方法节点
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XmlElement soapMethod = doc.CreateElement(methodName);
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soapMethod.SetAttribute("xmlns", xmlNs);
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// 遍历参数表中的参数键
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foreach (string key in pars.Keys)
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{
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// 根据参数表中的键值对,生成一个参数节点,并加入方法节点内
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XmlElement soapPar = doc.CreateElement(key);
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soapPar.InnerXml = ObjectToSoapXml(pars[key]);
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soapMethod.AppendChild(soapPar);
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}
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// soapbody节点中加入方法节点
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soapBody.AppendChild(soapMethod);
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// soap文档中加入soapbody节点
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doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(soapBody);
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// 添加声明
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AddDelaration(doc);
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// 传入的参数有DataSet类型,必须在序列化后的XML中的diffgr:diffgram/NewDataSet节点加xmlns='' 否则无法取到每行的记录。
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XmlNode node = doc.DocumentElement.SelectSingleNode("//NewDataSet");
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if (node != null)
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{
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XmlAttribute attr = doc.CreateAttribute("xmlns");
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attr.InnerText = "";
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node.Attributes.Append(attr);
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}
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// 以字节数组的形式返回soap文档
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return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(doc.OuterXml);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 将参数对象中的内容取出
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="o">参数值对象</param>
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/// <returns>字符型值对象</returns>
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private static string ObjectToSoapXml(object o)
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{
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XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(o.GetType());
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MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
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mySerializer.Serialize(ms, o);
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XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
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doc.LoadXml(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()));
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if (doc.DocumentElement != null)
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{
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return doc.DocumentElement.InnerXml;
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}
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else
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{
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return o.ToString();
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 设置请求身份
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="request"> 请求</param>
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private static void SetWebRequest(HttpWebRequest request)
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{
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request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
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//request.Timeout = 10000;
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 将soap协议写入请求
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="request"> 请求</param>
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/// <param name="data"> soap协议</param>
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private static void WriteRequestData(HttpWebRequest request, byte[] data)
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{
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request.ContentLength = data.Length;
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Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();
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writer.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
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writer.Close();
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 将响应对象读取为xml对象
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="response"> 响应对象</param>
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/// <returns> xml对象</returns>
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private static XmlDocument ReadXmlResponse(WebResponse response)
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{
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StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
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String retXml = sr.ReadToEnd();
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sr.Close();
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XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
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doc.LoadXml(retXml);
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return doc;
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 给xml文档添加声明
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="doc"> xml文档</param>
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private static void AddDelaration(XmlDocument doc)
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{
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XmlDeclaration decl = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
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doc.InsertBefore(decl, doc.DocumentElement);
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}
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public static String QuerySoapWebServiceString(String url, String methodName, Hashtable pars)
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{
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XmlDocument doc = QuerySoapWebService(url, methodName, pars);
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return doc.InnerText;
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}
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public static DataSet QuerySoapWebServiceDataSet(String url, String methodName, Hashtable pars)
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{
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XmlDocument doc = QuerySoapWebService(url, methodName, pars);
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System.Data.DataSet ds = new System.Data.DataSet();
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using (XmlNodeReader reader = new XmlNodeReader(doc))
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{
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ds.ReadXml(reader);
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}
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return ds;
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}
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}
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}
使用时的调用如下:
[csharp] view plaincopy
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Hashtable htParms = new Hashtable();
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htParms.Add("authorizationCode", authCode);
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DataSet dsComm = WebServiceCaller.QuerySoapWebServiceDataSet(url, "GetReceivedCommissionData", htParms);
或者
[csharp] view plaincopy
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DataSet dsSelected = new DataSet();
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dsSelected.Tables.Add(dtSelected); //需要返回给业务系统的数据集,表示哪些数据已收集
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Hashtable htParms = new Hashtable();
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htParms.Add("authorizationCode", addr.AuthorizationCode);
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htParms.Add("dsData", dtSelected);
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string result = WebServiceCaller.QuerySoapWebServiceString(url, methodName, htParms);//传入的参数是一个String类型和一个DataSet类型
动态调用时用的是Soap协议的方式来请求的,而不是Http Post,因为当WebService中的方法传入参数中有DataSet类型,将无法用Http Post方式请求,只能用Soap。
在多线程中,同时调多个WebService,此种方法不会报错。因此我选择了它。。。。